Характеристика дубових деревостанів у природному заповіднику "Медобори"

Medobory Nature Reserve was created on the land abandoned for the commercial use, where forestry activities, in particular, were aimed at the restoration of oak forests. For statistical analysis, the quarterly results of the Taxation Description of Medobory Nature Reserve, which is characterized by the pure and mixed oak trees of the ordinary, were used. The total sample size is 881 units with a total area of 4141.2 hectares. In Medobory Nature Reserve, the stands of oak (usually from three or more units) are the dominant type of forest and occupy 43.96 % of the forest area. Today, the oak forests are represented as natural stands (1106.4 hectares), and artificial plantings of the type of indigenous (3034.8 hectares). The largest share is occupied by uneven-aged stands – 83.13 %, young stands – 9.64 %, and maturing stands – only 0.24 % of the total area. In the conditions of the reserve, 99.8 % of oak forests grow in four forest types: fresh hornbeam-beech oak (27.85 %), wet hornbeam oak (48.21 %), wet hornbeam bilberry (11.13 %), and wet hornbeam oak (12.65 %). Concerning type-forming features, European oak, acer platanoides, sycamore maple, heart-shaped linden, and wych elm are added. According to the storey structure, oak stands are mostly simple. Reserve oak forests are characterized by their high productivity – 89.9 % grow at the first and above the first yield class. 68.6 % of the plantations are of high-quality, while the under-replenishment is almost absent. The components subjected to mathematical analysis were as follows: age, diameter, completeness, and stock of the tree stand. According to the estimated standard deviation and coefficient of variation, it can be stated that the scope of the variation of the "completeness" indicator is characterized by the average value of the variability of the sign. Other indicators have a wide range of scattering in forest-typological collections, which is the result of the influence of natural and anthropogenic (to the testamentary) factors.Встановлено, що в природному заповіднику "Медобори" насадження з участю дуба звичайного (від трьох одиниць і більше) є панівним типом деревостанів і займають 43,96 % лісових площ, переважно створені штучно за типом корінних. Проаналізовано основні таксаційні показники деревостанів дуба звичайного з поквартальних підсумків Таксаційного опису природного заповідника "Медобори". Проведено віковий аналіз досліджуваних деревостанів: частка молодняків становить 9,64 %, середньовікових – 83,13 %, пристигаючих – 0,24 %. Визначено, що деревостани з участю дуба звичайного зростають у чотирьох типах лісорослинних умов: вологій грабово-буковій діброві (11,13 %), вологій грабовій діброві (13,65 %), свіжій грабово-буковій діброві (27,85 %), свіжій грабовій діброві (48,21 %). За ярусністю дубові деревостани переважно є простими. Встановлено, що дубняки характеризуються високою продуктивністю – 89,9 % ростуть за першим і вище першого бонітетом. 68,6 % насаджень – високоповнотні, а низькоповнотних є вкрай мало. Математичному аналізу підлягали компоненти: вік, діаметр, повнота, запас деревостану. За розрахунковим значенням стандартного відхилення та коефіцієнта варіації можна стверджувати, що розмах варіації показника "повнота" характеризується середнім значенням мінливості ознаки. Інші показники мають широкий діапазон розсіювання у досліджених сукупностях

Measurement of Beauty Production in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA Using Decays into Electrons

© The Author(s) 2011. The production of beauty quarks in ep interactions has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA for exchanged four-momentum squared Q2 \u3e 10 GeV2, using an integrated luminosity of 363 pb-1. The beauty events were identified using electrons from semileptonic b decays with a transverse momentum 0.9 \u3c peT \u3c 8 GeV and pseudorapidity |ηe| \u3c 1.5. Cross sections for beauty production were measured and compared with next-to-leadingorder QCD calculations. The beauty contribution to the proton structure function F2 was extracted from the doubledifferential cross section as a function of Bjorken-x and Q2

Measurement of neutral current e+/-p cross sections at high Bjorken x with the ZEUS detector

The neutral current e+/-p cross section has been measured up to values of Bjorken x of approximately 1 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 187 inv. pb of e-p and 142 inv. pb of e+p collisions at sqrt(s) = 318GeV. Differential cross sections in x and Q2, the exchanged boson virtuality, are presented for Q2 geq 725GeV2. An improved reconstruction method and greatly increased amount of data allows a finer binning in the high-x region of the neutral current cross section and leads to a measurement with much improved precision compared to a similar earlier analysis. The measurements are compared to Standard Model expectations based on a variety of recent parton distribution functions.Comment: 39 pages, 9 figure

Measurement of Heavy-quark Jet Photoproduction at HERA

The Author(s) 2011. Photoproduction of beauty and charm quarks in events with at least two jets has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 133 pb−1. The fractions of jets containing b and c quarks were extracted using the invariant mass of charged tracks associated with secondary vertices and the decay-length significance of these vertices. Differential cross sections as a function of jet transverse momentum, pjetT, and pseudora pidity, ηjet, were measured. The data are compared with previous measurements and are well described by next-toleading- order QCD predictions

Search for First-generation Leptoquarks at HERA

A search for first-generation leptoquarks was performed in electron-proton and positron-proton collisions recorded with the ZEUS detector at HERA in 2003-2007 using an integrated luminosity of 366pb-1. Final states with an electron and jets or with missing transverse momentum and jets were analyzed, searching for resonances or other deviations from the standard model predictions. No evidence for any leptoquark signal was found. The data were combined with data previously taken at HERA, resulting in a total integrated luminosity of 498pb-1. Limits on the Yukawa coupling, λ, of leptoquarks were set as a function of the leptoquark mass for different leptoquark types within the Buchmüller-Rückl-Wyler model. Leptoquarks with a coupling λ=0.3 are excluded for masses up to 699 GeV. © 2012 American Physical Society

Measurement of Inelastic J/ψ and ψ′ Photoproduction at HERA

The cross sections for inelastic photoproduction of J/ψ and ψ′ mesons have been measured in ep collisions with the ZEUS detector at HERA, using an integrated luminosity of 468 pb-1 collected in the period 1996-2007. The ψ′ to J/ψ cross section ratio was measured in the range 0.55 \u3c z \u3c 0.9 and 60 \u3c W \u3c 190 GeV as a function of W, z and pT. Here W denotes the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy, z is the fraction of the incident photon energy carried by the meson and p T is the transverse momentum of the meson with respect to the beam axis. The J/ψ cross sections were measured for 0.1 \u3c z \u3c 0.9, 60 \u3c W \u3c 240 GeV and pT \u3e 1 GeV. Theoretical predictions within the non-relativistic QCD framework including NLO colour-singlet and colour-octet contributions were compared to the data, as were predictions based on the k T-factorisation approach. © 2013 SISSA

Inclusive-jet Photoproduction at HERA and Determination of α \u3csub\u3es\u3c/sub\u3e

Inclusive-jet cross sections have been measured in the reaction ep→e+jet+X for photon virtuality Q 2γp centre-of-mass energies in the region 142γp-1. Jets were identified using the k T, anti-k T or SIScone jet algorithms in the laboratory frame. Single-differential cross sections are presented as functions of the jet transverse energy, ETjet, and pseudorapidity, jet, for jets with ETjet\u3e17 GeV and -1\u3c je

Multi-leptons with High Transverse Momentum at HERA

Events with at least two high transverse momentum leptons (electrons or muons) are studied using the H1 and ZEUS detectors at HERA with an integrated luminosity of 0.94 fb-1. The observed numbers of events are in general agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Seven di- and tri-lepton events are observed in e+p collision data with a scalar sum of the lepton transverse momenta above 100GeV while 1.94 ± 0.17 events are expected. Such events are not observed in e-p collisions for which 1.19 ± 0.12 are predicted. Total visible and differential di-electron and di-muon photoproduction cross sections are extracted in a restricted phase space dominated by photon-photon collisions. © SISSA 2009

Measurement of the t Dependence in Exclusive Photoproduction of Υ{hooked} (1S) Mesons at HERA

The exclusive photoproduction reaction γp→Υ{hooked} (1S)p has been studied with the ZEUS detector in ep collisions at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 468 pb -1. The measurement covers the kinematic range 6

Scaled Momentum Distributions for K \u3csub\u3eS\u3c/sub\u3e\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3e and ∧/∧ in DIS at HERA

Scaled momentum distributions for the strange hadrons K S0 and ∧/∧were measured in deep inelastic ep scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 330 pb -1. The evolution of these distributions with the photon virtuality, Q 2, was studied in the kinematic region 10 \u3c Q 2 \u3c 40000 GeV 2 and 0.001 \u3c x \u3c 0.75, where x is the Bjorken scaling variable. Clear scaling violations are observed. Predictions based on different approaches to fragmentation were compared to the measurements. Leading-logarithm parton-shower Monte Carlo calculations interfaced to the Lund string fragmentation model describe the data reasonably well in the whole range measured. Nextto-leading-order QCD calculations based on fragmentation functions, FFs, extracted from e +e - data alone, fail to describe the measurements. The calculations based on FFs extracted from a global analysis including e +e -, ep and pp data give an improved description. The measurements presented in this paper have the potential to further constrain the FFs of quarks, anti-quarks and gluons yielding K S0 and ∧/∧ strange hadrons. © SISSA 2012